SA: Rudi
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A relatively good night. We had sub-arcsecond seeing for the first few hours. A few minor technical problems encountered.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (x2) (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (x3) (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x2) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-SCI-042 P4 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2020-2-SCI-008 P4 HRS (Chemically peculiar Am stars observed by TESS satellite on the southern sky.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, December 31, 2020
Wednesday, December 30, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-29
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> One more stable night with bright moon and good-to-moderate seeing. Many blocks of different priorities were observed
Science data taken for:
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-MLT-008 P2 RSS (Tracking Accretion Flows via BLR Emission in Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei)
2019-2-MLT-004 P3 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2018-2-MLT-005 P3 RSS (x2) (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (x2) (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-SCI-007 P4 HRS (Searching for new chemically peculiar stars in the southern hemisphere.)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x5) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> One more stable night with bright moon and good-to-moderate seeing. Many blocks of different priorities were observed
Science data taken for:
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-MLT-008 P2 RSS (Tracking Accretion Flows via BLR Emission in Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei)
2019-2-MLT-004 P3 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2018-2-MLT-005 P3 RSS (x2) (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (x2) (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-SCI-007 P4 HRS (Searching for new chemically peculiar stars in the southern hemisphere.)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x5) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, December 29, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-28
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> One more night with bright moon, stable weather conditions and good and moderate seeing. Many blocks was observed, but most of them are low priority
Science data taken for:
2020-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-030 P3 RSS (Identifying which heluum-rich hot subdwarfs are binaries)
2020-2-SCI-004 P3 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2020-1-MLT-007 P3 RSS (x2) (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2018-2-MLT-005 P3 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-037 P3 HRS (Mangetospheric accretion in V899 Mon)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x2) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> One more night with bright moon, stable weather conditions and good and moderate seeing. Many blocks was observed, but most of them are low priority
Science data taken for:
2020-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-030 P3 RSS (Identifying which heluum-rich hot subdwarfs are binaries)
2020-2-SCI-004 P3 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2020-1-MLT-007 P3 RSS (x2) (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2018-2-MLT-005 P3 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-037 P3 HRS (Mangetospheric accretion in V899 Mon)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x2) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, December 28, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-27
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Night with bright moon, and with seeing changing from good to awful. Many low priority blocks were obtained for this reason.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-012 P1 HRS (Tracing the temperature evolution of the central stars of planetary nebulae.)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x4) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x7) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Night with bright moon, and with seeing changing from good to awful. Many low priority blocks were obtained for this reason.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-012 P1 HRS (Tracing the temperature evolution of the central stars of planetary nebulae.)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x4) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x7) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, December 27, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-26
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Nice stable weather with good seeing, but we have many technical issues. 13 blocks of different priorities were observed anyway.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-009 P1 RSS (Metallicity of SN sites)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (x2) (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (x2) (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x4) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-008 P4 HRS (Chemically peculiar Am stars observed by TESS satellite on the southern sky.)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x2) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Nice stable weather with good seeing, but we have many technical issues. 13 blocks of different priorities were observed anyway.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-009 P1 RSS (Metallicity of SN sites)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (x2) (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (x2) (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x4) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-008 P4 HRS (Chemically peculiar Am stars observed by TESS satellite on the southern sky.)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x2) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, December 26, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-25
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Another nice and stable night with very good seeing. We lost some time with technical problems but were observed 12 tracks of different priorities.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-004 P1 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (x2) (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (x2) (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-007 P3 HRS (HRS observations of a high mass binary system.)
2020-2-SCI-018 P3 HRS (Understanding the nucloesynthesis of heavy elements)
2020-1-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (x2) (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-2-SCI-007 P4 HRS (Searching for new chemically peculiar stars in the southern hemisphere.)
2020-2-SCI-008 P4 HRS (Chemically peculiar Am stars observed by TESS satellite on the southern sky.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Another nice and stable night with very good seeing. We lost some time with technical problems but were observed 12 tracks of different priorities.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-004 P1 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (x2) (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (x2) (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-007 P3 HRS (HRS observations of a high mass binary system.)
2020-2-SCI-018 P3 HRS (Understanding the nucloesynthesis of heavy elements)
2020-1-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (x2) (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-2-SCI-007 P4 HRS (Searching for new chemically peculiar stars in the southern hemisphere.)
2020-2-SCI-008 P4 HRS (Chemically peculiar Am stars observed by TESS satellite on the southern sky.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, December 25, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-24
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Very stable night with very good seeing. Only high priority block were observed.
=> Santa was detected flying into direction of Cape Town at about 23:58
Science data taken for:
2018-1-MLT-005 P1 HRS (HRS observations of symbiotic stars)
2020-2-SCI-028 P1 RSS (Confirming the nature of faint Green pea galaxies from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-cam Survey)
2020-1-MLT-003 P2 RSS (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
2020-2-SCI-014 P2 RSS (x2) (Probing the quasar outflows.)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (x3) (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (x2) (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-2-SCI-040 P2 RSS (Redshift measurements of BL Lacs for the CTA project)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Very stable night with very good seeing. Only high priority block were observed.
=> Santa was detected flying into direction of Cape Town at about 23:58
Science data taken for:
2018-1-MLT-005 P1 HRS (HRS observations of symbiotic stars)
2020-2-SCI-028 P1 RSS (Confirming the nature of faint Green pea galaxies from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-cam Survey)
2020-1-MLT-003 P2 RSS (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
2020-2-SCI-014 P2 RSS (x2) (Probing the quasar outflows.)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (x3) (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (x2) (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-2-SCI-040 P2 RSS (Redshift measurements of BL Lacs for the CTA project)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, December 24, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-23
SA: Alexei
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Nice night with very good seeing. We were closed by humidity by one hour before twilight. Observed eight blocks in total. All blocks have high priority.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-DDT-001 P0 HRS (Monitoring of V838 Mon, a stellar merger remnant)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2020-1-MLT-001 P1 RSS (M-sigma relation for a low mass AGNs)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-007 P2 RSS (x2) (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-008 P2 RSS (Tracking Accretion Flows via BLR Emission in Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Nice night with very good seeing. We were closed by humidity by one hour before twilight. Observed eight blocks in total. All blocks have high priority.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-DDT-001 P0 HRS (Monitoring of V838 Mon, a stellar merger remnant)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2020-1-MLT-001 P1 RSS (M-sigma relation for a low mass AGNs)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-007 P2 RSS (x2) (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-008 P2 RSS (Tracking Accretion Flows via BLR Emission in Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, December 23, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-22
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others: Alexei for handover, Richard by phone for the mirror
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A productive clear night with fairly good seeing to end an enjoyable week of Summer observing. We completed 11 blocks, mostly of high priority. Wishing everyone a good festive season and a happy new year!
Science data taken for:
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-SCI-009 P1 RSS (Metallicity of SN sites)
2020-2-SCI-021 P1 RSS (Study of the properties of green valley galaxies with high star formation rates)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-014 P2 RSS (Probing the quasar outflows.)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2018-2-LSP-001 P3 RSS (x2) (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others: Alexei for handover, Richard by phone for the mirror
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A productive clear night with fairly good seeing to end an enjoyable week of Summer observing. We completed 11 blocks, mostly of high priority. Wishing everyone a good festive season and a happy new year!
Science data taken for:
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-SCI-009 P1 RSS (Metallicity of SN sites)
2020-2-SCI-021 P1 RSS (Study of the properties of green valley galaxies with high star formation rates)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-014 P2 RSS (Probing the quasar outflows.)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2018-2-LSP-001 P3 RSS (x2) (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, December 22, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-21
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Entire night lost to thick cloud cover.
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Entire night lost to thick cloud cover.
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, December 21, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-20
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thick clouds prevented us from observing tonight. We opened a couple of times but only managed one low short block.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thick clouds prevented us from observing tonight. We opened a couple of times but only managed one low short block.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, December 20, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-19
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A good night of observing, with good steady seeing for most of the night, worsening over the last 2 hours. We completed 9 blocks, including a P0 and 2 MOS blocks, and lost a little time to the tracker and a brief mirror burst.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-007 P0 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-SCI-028 P1 RSS (Confirming the nature of faint Green pea galaxies from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-cam Survey)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2020-1-MLT-005 P1 RSS (Study of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in moderately inclined galaxies.)
2018-2-LSP-001 P2 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (x2) (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-2-SCI-023 P2 RSS (Probing the environment inside Extreme Emission Line Dwarf Galaxies)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A good night of observing, with good steady seeing for most of the night, worsening over the last 2 hours. We completed 9 blocks, including a P0 and 2 MOS blocks, and lost a little time to the tracker and a brief mirror burst.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-007 P0 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-SCI-028 P1 RSS (Confirming the nature of faint Green pea galaxies from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-cam Survey)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2020-1-MLT-005 P1 RSS (Study of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in moderately inclined galaxies.)
2018-2-LSP-001 P2 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (x2) (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-004 P2 RSS (Population study of stellar rotation rates in open clusters)
2020-2-SCI-023 P2 RSS (Probing the environment inside Extreme Emission Line Dwarf Galaxies)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, December 19, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-18
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others: Deneys, Keith by phone
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We struggled with numerous tracker errors tonight, but managed to complete 6 blocks of mixed priority. The seeing was very variable.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Local Volume as a benchmark of the near-field cosmology: study the most isolated galaxy population)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-SCI-011 P2 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-1-MLT-007 P3 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others: Deneys, Keith by phone
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We struggled with numerous tracker errors tonight, but managed to complete 6 blocks of mixed priority. The seeing was very variable.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Local Volume as a benchmark of the near-field cosmology: study the most isolated galaxy population)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-SCI-011 P2 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-1-MLT-007 P3 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, December 18, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-17
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others: Deneys, Nico by phone
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A clear dark night with more variable seeing, leading to a mix of different priority blocks being observed. We had some as yet unsolved tracker errors causing downtime towards the end of the night.
Science data taken for:
2019-1-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Tracing the evolution of the most massive galaxies in the universe)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-MLT-009 P2 HRS (Spectroscopic monitoring of candidate white dwarf + Be star binaries.)
2020-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Local Volume as a benchmark of the near-field cosmology: study the most isolated galaxy population)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others: Deneys, Nico by phone
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A clear dark night with more variable seeing, leading to a mix of different priority blocks being observed. We had some as yet unsolved tracker errors causing downtime towards the end of the night.
Science data taken for:
2019-1-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Tracing the evolution of the most massive galaxies in the universe)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-MLT-009 P2 HRS (Spectroscopic monitoring of candidate white dwarf + Be star binaries.)
2020-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Local Volume as a benchmark of the near-field cosmology: study the most isolated galaxy population)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, December 17, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-16
SA: Rosalind
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A smooth and productive clear night with fairly good, stable seeing.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-028 P1 RSS (Confirming the nature of faint Green pea galaxies from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-cam Survey)
2020-1-MLT-005 P1 RSS (Study of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in moderately inclined galaxies.)
2019-1-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Tracing the evolution of the most massive galaxies in the universe)
2020-1-MLT-006 P1 RSS (Measuring the halos of super spirals)
2018-1-MLT-004 P1 RSS (Dark energy and the expansion rate of the Universe from quasar monitoring.)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2020-2-SCI-031 P2 RSS (Spectroscopy of ultra-diffuse galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-036 P2 RSS (Spectropolarimetry of Be/X-ray binaries)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Thea
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A smooth and productive clear night with fairly good, stable seeing.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-028 P1 RSS (Confirming the nature of faint Green pea galaxies from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-cam Survey)
2020-1-MLT-005 P1 RSS (Study of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in moderately inclined galaxies.)
2019-1-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Tracing the evolution of the most massive galaxies in the universe)
2020-1-MLT-006 P1 RSS (Measuring the halos of super spirals)
2018-1-MLT-004 P1 RSS (Dark energy and the expansion rate of the Universe from quasar monitoring.)
2019-2-SCI-026 P1 RSS (Unveiling the structure of the Vela supercluster behind the Zone of Avoidance)
2020-2-SCI-031 P2 RSS (Spectroscopy of ultra-diffuse galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-036 P2 RSS (Spectropolarimetry of Be/X-ray binaries)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, December 16, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-15
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others: Nico (FIF guider test)
SO: Fred
Others: Nico (FIF guider test)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Another productive night, although the seeing was less than stable we did manage to complete a few blocks of various priorities.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-038 P1 RSS (The SAGA Survey)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-017 P1 RSS (x2) (Monitoring the spectropolarimetric behavior of blazars)
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-1-MLT-007 P2 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Local Volume as a benchmark of the near-field cosmology: study the most isolated galaxy population)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-SCI-040 P2 RSS (Redshift measurements of BL Lacs for the CTA project)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, December 15, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-14
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others: Keith (pointing model)
SO: Fred
Others: Keith (pointing model)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We had a productive night, completing 10 blocks before humidity closed us about 2 hours before twilight starts.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-SCI-038 P1 RSS (The SAGA Survey)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (x3) (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2019-2-SCI-049 P3 HRS (Following the time evolution of polluted white dwarfs.)
2018-2-MLT-003 P4 RSS (x3) (Looking at chromospheric emission in stars which host exoplanets)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, December 14, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-13
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others:
SO: Fred
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productive night with stable seeing in the 2nd half of the night. We managed to complete 10 blocks of mixed priorities.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-001 P1 RSS (M-sigma relation for a low mass AGNs)
2020-2-SCI-017 P1 RSS (Monitoring the spectropolarimetric behavior of blazars)
2019-1-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Tracing the evolution of the most massive galaxies in the universe)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (x2) (Finding young stars and their planets)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-010 P2 HRS (Studies of heartbeating stars)
2020-2-SCI-011 P2 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (x2) (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, December 13, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-12
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others:
SO: Fred
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Humidity increased early in the night, closing us just before 10 pm, but we did manage to observe a P0.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, December 12, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-11
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others:
SO: Fred
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The clouds kept us closed for the night, but we used the 1st part of the night to run some closed dome tests.
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, December 11, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-10
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others: Jonathan (glycol leak)
SO: Fred
Others: Jonathan (glycol leak)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We had productive night with variable seeing, and managed to complete a P0.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-SCI-015 P0 HRS (x3) (RV Followup of TESS Planet Candidates)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-1-MLT-003 P2 HRS (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
2018-2-MLT-003 P4 RSS (Looking at chromospheric emission in stars which host exoplanets)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, December 10, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-09
SA: Danièl
SO: Fred
Others: Thabelo (for PDET), Encarni (for slotmode)
SO: Fred
Others: Thabelo (for PDET), Encarni (for slotmode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thick clouds and humidity kept us closed for the evening.
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, December 9, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-08
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others: Keith
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
An excellent clear, dark and stable night to end my week. Much needed after the network issues! We observed 9 blocks, all of which were high priority.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-001 P1 RSS (M-sigma relation for a low mass AGNs)
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (x2) (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-SCI-004 P2 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2020-2-SCI-017 P2 RSS (Monitoring the spectropolarimetric behavior of blazars)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2018-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (Study of unclassified extragalactic NuSTAR serendipitous sources)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others: Keith
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
An excellent clear, dark and stable night to end my week. Much needed after the network issues! We observed 9 blocks, all of which were high priority.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-001 P1 RSS (M-sigma relation for a low mass AGNs)
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (x2) (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-SCI-004 P2 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2020-2-SCI-017 P2 RSS (Monitoring the spectropolarimetric behavior of blazars)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2018-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (Study of unclassified extragalactic NuSTAR serendipitous sources)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, December 8, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-07
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The network prevented us from observing until around 11pm SAST. We observed some high priority blocks with mostly good seeing, before thin cloud became thick, forcing us to close.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-017 P1 RSS (Monitoring the spectropolarimetric behavior of blazars)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2018-2-LSP-001 P2 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-007 P3 HRS (HRS observations of a high mass binary system.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The network prevented us from observing until around 11pm SAST. We observed some high priority blocks with mostly good seeing, before thin cloud became thick, forcing us to close.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-017 P1 RSS (Monitoring the spectropolarimetric behavior of blazars)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2018-2-LSP-001 P2 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-1-MLT-002 P2 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-MLT-007 P3 HRS (HRS observations of a high mass binary system.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, December 7, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-06
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Night lost to network, followed by high humidity and cloud,
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Night lost to network, followed by high humidity and cloud,
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, December 6, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-05
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others: Encarni, Deneys
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A roller-coaster night with network problems and terrible seeing preventing us from completing many observations. However, we managed to do 4 blocks, one of which a high priority ToO, with some perseverance. Thanks Encarni and Deneys for your help.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x2) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others: Encarni, Deneys
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A roller-coaster night with network problems and terrible seeing preventing us from completing many observations. However, we managed to do 4 blocks, one of which a high priority ToO, with some perseverance. Thanks Encarni and Deneys for your help.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-MLT-003 P3 HRS (Follow-up of rare SB4 discovered in Gaia-ESO, GALAH and APOGEE)
2020-1-MLT-003 P4 HRS (x2) (Spectroscopic observations of central stars of mid-infrared nebulae)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, December 5, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-04
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We battled through bad and variable seeing until around midnight, completing some high priority blocks. A triple blow shortly after midnight was too much for us to continue: The seeing went from bad to terrible, we suffered a fibre outage and were finally closed by weather.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-MLT-009 P1 HRS (Spectroscopic monitoring of candidate white dwarf + Be star binaries.)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2018-2-LSP-001 P2 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-SCI-011 P2 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We battled through bad and variable seeing until around midnight, completing some high priority blocks. A triple blow shortly after midnight was too much for us to continue: The seeing went from bad to terrible, we suffered a fibre outage and were finally closed by weather.
Science data taken for:
2020-2-MLT-009 P1 HRS (Spectroscopic monitoring of candidate white dwarf + Be star binaries.)
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2018-2-LSP-001 P2 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-SCI-011 P2 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, December 4, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-03
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others: Nico, Janus, Richard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A clear night with below average and variable seeing for most of the time. Both high and low priority blocks observed.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-MLT-009 P1 HRS (Spectroscopic monitoring of candidate white dwarf + Be star binaries.)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2019-1-MLT-008 P2 HRS (HRS monitoring of yellow symbiotic systems)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x2) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-037 P3 HRS (Mangetospheric accretion in V899 Mon)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others: Nico, Janus, Richard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A clear night with below average and variable seeing for most of the time. Both high and low priority blocks observed.
Science data taken for:
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-2-MLT-009 P1 HRS (Spectroscopic monitoring of candidate white dwarf + Be star binaries.)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2019-1-MLT-008 P2 HRS (HRS monitoring of yellow symbiotic systems)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x2) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
2020-2-SCI-037 P3 HRS (Mangetospheric accretion in V899 Mon)
2020-2-SCI-011 P3 HRS (Measuring the orbits of double white dwarfs. @_sublunar_)
2020-2-MLT-006 P3 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, December 3, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-02
SA: Lee
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A clear and stable night with mostly good seeing and a small amount of time lost to problems. We observed 10 blocks of a mix of priorities.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-009 P1 RSS (Metallicity of SN sites)
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2018-1-MLT-005 P1 HRS (HRS observations of symbiotic stars)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-004 P3 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x3) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A clear and stable night with mostly good seeing and a small amount of time lost to problems. We observed 10 blocks of a mix of priorities.
Science data taken for:
2020-1-MLT-002 P1 HRS (HRS study of long-period eclipsing binaries)
2020-2-SCI-009 P1 RSS (Metallicity of SN sites)
2018-2-LSP-001 P1 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2018-1-MLT-005 P1 HRS (HRS observations of symbiotic stars)
2018-2-MLT-005 P2 RSS (Probing the winds from massive binary star supernova progenitors)
2020-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-004 P3 HRS (Observations of new roAp stars @dlhwp)
2020-1-MLT-008 P3 RSS (x3) (Obtaining redshifts for G4Jy sources - the brightest radio galaxies in the southern sky)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, December 2, 2020
Night Log 2020-12-01
SA: Encarni
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Entire night lost to high relative humidity.
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Veronica
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Entire night lost to high relative humidity.
No science data taken.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, December 1, 2020
Night Log 2020-11-30
SA: Encarni
SO: Fred
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A good clear night with mostly stable seeing. Managed to take 5 P0 (highest priority) blocks tonight - must be a record! :)
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-015 P0 HRS (x3) (RV Followup of TESS Planet Candidates)
2020-1-MLT-007 P0 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2020-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (x2) (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-030 P2 RSS (x2) (Identifying which heluum-rich hot subdwarfs are binaries)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SO: Fred
Others:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A good clear night with mostly stable seeing. Managed to take 5 P0 (highest priority) blocks tonight - must be a record! :)
Science data taken for:
2020-2-SCI-015 P0 HRS (x3) (RV Followup of TESS Planet Candidates)
2020-1-MLT-007 P0 RSS (Observations of supernovae, near and far. @_sublunar_)
2018-2-LSP-001 P0 RSS (Observing optical counterparts of transient objects)
2020-1-DDT-009 P1 HRS (Looking for exocomets around Beta Pictoris with SALT)
2020-2-SCI-042 P1 RSS (Finding young stars and their planets)
2019-2-MLT-004 P2 HRS (Monitoring the line emission in Southern Galactic Be/X-ray binaries)
2020-2-MLT-006 P2 RSS (x2) (SALT Spectroscopic Survey of IR 12MGS Seyfert Galaxies)
2020-2-SCI-030 P2 RSS (x2) (Identifying which heluum-rich hot subdwarfs are binaries)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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